Does Acid Reflux Make You Throw Up?
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Introduction – Does acid reflux make you throw up?
Acid reflux is an uncomfortable condition that can cause symptoms like heartburn, regurgitation, and nausea. In some cases, acid reflux can result in vomiting or throwing up. Here’s a closer look at how acid reflux can make you vomit and when to see a doctor.
What is Acid Reflux?
Acid reflux occurs when stomach acid flows back up into the esophagus. The esophagus is the tube that connects the throat to the stomach. A ring of muscle called the lower esophageal sphincter normally acts as a valve to prevent backflow of acid. When this muscle relaxes too often or for too long, acid refluxes into the esophagus.
The stomach lining protects it from acid, but the esophagus does not have the same protection. Exposure to stomach acid can irritate the esophagus, causing common acid reflux symptoms.
Symptoms of Acid Reflux
Common symptoms of acid reflux include:
Heartburn
A painful, burning sensation in the chest or throat is the most common symptom of acid reflux. Heartburn often occurs after eating, when lying down, or when bending over.
Regurgitation
Acidic stomach contents may regurgitate as high as the throat or mouth. Regurgitation causes a sour or bitter taste and sensation of “wet burps.”
Nausea
Some people with acid reflux experience nausea. The nausea is likely triggered by irritation of the esophagus and stimulation of nerves within.
This page on the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) discusses Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), its pathophysiology, and symptoms: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441938/.
What Causes Acid Reflux?
There are several factors that can provoke acid reflux symptoms:
Diet
Eating large meals, eating before bedtime, eating fatty or acidic foods, and drinking alcohol or caffeinated beverages can worsen acid reflux.
Hiatal Hernia
A hiatal hernia occurs when part of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm into the chest cavity. This can allow acid to reflux more easily.
Pregnancy
Hormonal changes and pressure from the growing fetus can cause acid reflux in pregnancy. Symptoms typically resolve after giving birth.
Treatments for Acid Reflux
Lifestyle changes and medical treatments can help control acid reflux. Options include:
Antacids
Antacids like Tums and Rolaids provide quick relief by neutralizing stomach acid. However, the effects are short-lived.
H2 Blockers
H2 blockers reduce acid production for longer relief. Brand names include Pepcid, Zantac, and Tagamet.
Proton Pump Inhibitors
PPIs block acid production and allow time for damaged esophageal tissue to heal. Prilosec, Nexium, and Prevacid are examples.
Lifestyle Changes
Losing weight, avoiding trigger foods, not eating before bedtime, elevating the head in bed, and not wearing tight clothing around the waistline can reduce reflux.
When to See a Doctor
See your doctor if you experience severe symptoms like vomiting, difficulty swallowing, chest pain, or bleeding. They can provide stronger medications or rule out other conditions.
Most cases of mild acid reflux do not require a doctor visit. Over-the-counter antacids and lifestyle changes often provide enough relief. But call your doctor if symptoms persist despite treatment.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does acid reflux always make you throw up?
No, vomiting or throwing up is not a definite symptom of acid reflux. Many people experience heartburn, regurgitation, or nausea without vomiting. But acid reflux can sometimes cause vomiting in more severe cases.
Is throwing up bile a sign of acid reflux?
Throwing up bile or green/yellow vomit can result from acid reflux. But it can also indicate a more serious condition like a stomach ulcer or obstruction. See your doctor if you frequently vomit bile.
Can babies get acid reflux and throw up?
Yes, infants can experience acid reflux and vomiting, called infant GERD. It usually resolves by 12-24 months old as their digestive system matures. Consult your pediatrician if your baby frequently spits up or vomits.
Why does acid reflux cause nausea?
Acid irritation of the esophagus triggers nerves that signal nausea. The vagus nerve connects the digestive system with the brain and triggers the vomiting reflex. So reflux can induce nausea by stimulating vagus nerve fibers.
How can I stop throwing up from acid reflux?
Making dietary and lifestyle changes can often prevent acid reflux vomiting episodes. Avoiding large meals, fried/fatty foods, alcohol, and eating before bedtime may help. OTC or prescription antacids can ease symptoms. See your doctor if vomiting persists.
